DSM- 5TR Criteria for Mania
In the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition), a manic episode is defined as a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least one week and present most of the day, nearly every day.
During the episode, three or more of the following symptoms (four if the mood is only irritable) must be present to a significant degree:
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
Decreased need for sleep (feeling rested after only a few hours of sleep)
More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
Flight of ideas or racing thoughts
Distractibility, easily sidetracked by irrelevant stimuli
Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, reckless driving)
The symptoms are not due to the effects of a substance or a medical condition and are severe enough to cause marked impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning, or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others. Additionally, the mood disturbance must not be attributable to a mixed episode or a substance/medication-induced mood disorder.
A person experiencing a manic episode may display a variety of behaviors and symptoms, including:
Elevated or irritable mood: The person may feel extremely happy, confident, and optimistic or extremely irritable, agitated, and restless.
Decreased need for sleep: They may feel rested after just a few hours of sleep, or even stay awake for several days in a row without feeling tired.
Increased energy and activity: The person may feel hyperactive, talkative, and have a hard time sitting still. They may also engage in activities at a fast pace, with a sense of urgency and purpose.
Racing thoughts and flight of ideas: The person may feel like their thoughts are racing, and they may have difficulty keeping up with their own ideas. They may also jump from one topic to another, or switch between different activities rapidly.
Poor judgment and impulsivity: The person may engage in risky behaviors, such as substance abuse, reckless driving, overspending, or unprotected sex. They may also make impulsive decisions without considering the consequences.
Grandiosity: The person may have an exaggerated sense of self-importance and believe that they have special abilities or powers.
Irritability and aggression: Some people may experience irritability, anger, or aggression during a manic episode, especially if they feel frustrated or if their behavior is restricted.
It's important to note that a manic episode is a serious medical condition that requires prompt treatment. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of mania, it's essential to seek help from a mental health professional.
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